Course Material

COURSE MATERIAL FOR THE 2023 THESSALONIKI SUMMER COURSE

  • Samia Bano

S. Bano, Gender, Religion and Human Rights

G. Chakravorty, Can the Subaltern Speak? (Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture1988, pp. 271-313)

S. Moller Okin, Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women? (Princeton University Press, 1999)

M. Hunter-Henin, Religious Freedom and the Right against religious discrimination: Democracy as the missing link (International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 21/4 2021, pp. 357-373)

S. Bano, Gender Religion and Human Rights (slides of the lecture)

  • Aristotelis Constantinides

A. Broderick, Discrimination, Prohibition of (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 514-524)

L. Burgorgue-Larsen, European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 113-120)

J. C. Huckerby, Feminist Theories of International Law (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 232-236)

I. Radacic / A. M. Miller, Gender (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 293-303)

M. Mayrhofer, Intersectionality (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 328-334)

T. Marauhn / V. Strobel, Limitations and Restrictions of Rights (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 427-433)

M. Nowak, Respect-Protect-Fulfil (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 162-167)

L. G. Binderup, Universalism and (Cultural) Relativism (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 507-515)

M. Campbell, Women (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 572-578)

T. Buergenthal, Human Rights (Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law 2007)

A. Constantinides, Introduction to IHRL from a gender perspective (slides of the lecture)

  • Máiréad Enright

F. Ni Aolain, Learning the Lessons: What Feminist Legal Theory Teaches International Human Rights Law and Practice (Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-18 / Transitional Justice Institute Research Paper No. 09-05)

F. Ni Aolain, Learning the lessons What feminist legal theory teaches international human rights law and practice (Chapter 18)

D. Otto, 12 – Lost in translation: re-scripting the sexed subjects of international human rights law, in: Anne Orford, International Law and its Others , Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 318 – 356

R. Kapur, Transnational Law and Feminist Legal Theory in: Peer Zumbansen, The Oxford Handbook of Transnational Law, Oxford University Press, pp. 1007–1028

L. Hodson, A feminist approach to Alyne da Silva Pimentel Teixeira (deceased) v Brazil in: Damian Gonzalez-Salzberg / Loveday Hodson, Research Methods for International Human Rights Law, 1st edition, Routledge, 2019, pp. 42-68

M. Enright, Feminist Legal Theories and IHRL (slides of the lecture)

  • Anna-Maria Konsta

A.-M. Konsta, Gender, and Comparative Law: Legal Culture in Greece, the European Union, and the USA (4th chapter, Sakkoulas Publications, Athens-Thessaloniki, 2020)

ECSR, Women’s ECSR Factsheet

ECSR, Claiming Women’s Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (please study only part 2, i.e. pp.13-27)

M. Evola / J. Jungfleisch / T. Marinkovi, Human Rights Law Through the Lens of the Gender Perspective, in: Dragica Vujadinović / Mareike Fröhlich / Thomas Giegerich, Gender-Competent Legal Education, Springer Textbook in Law 2023) (please study only pp. 31-38)

B. Kresal, Gender pay gap and under-representation of women in decision-making positions: UWE decisions of the European Committee of Social Rights (ERA Forum 2021, pp. 311–325)

A.-M. Konsta, Gender and Social Rights (slides of the lecture)

  • Natasa Mavronicola

Familiarise yourselves with the following legal instruments and legal provisions (you do not need to memorise them):

  • Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), available here.
  • Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention), available here.
  • Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol), available here.
  • Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention), available here.
  • Yogyakarta Principles (available here) and Yogyakarta Principles +10 (available here).
  • On the right to life: Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR); Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR); Article 4 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR); Article 4 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR).
  • On the right not to be tortured or ill-treated: Article 7 of ICCPR; Articles 1 and 16 of the United Nations Convention Against Torture (UNCAT); Article 3 of the ECHR; Article 5 of ACHPR; Article 5 of ACHR.
  • Rights to equality and non-discrimination within generalist human rights treaties: Articles 2, 3, and 26 of ICCPR; Articles 2(2) and 3 of ICESCR; Article 14 and Protocol No 12 of ECHR; Articles 2, 3, 18(3)-(4), and 28 of ACHPR; Articles 1 and 24 of ACHR.

Read: 

  • Charlotte Bunch, ‘Women’s Rights as Human Rights: Towards a Re-vision of Human Rights’ (1990) 12 Human Rights Quarterly 486, available here.
  • ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Gender-based violence against women and girls: OHCHR and women’s human rights and gender equality (an overview), available here.
  • Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General Recommendation No. 35 on Gender-Based Violence Against Women, UN Doc.  CEDAW/C/GC/35, available here.
  • United Nations Independent Expert on Protection Against Violence and Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Thematic Report: Violence and Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, UN Doc. A/HRC/38/43, 11 May 2018 (available here) – you can focus on paras 22-49, 86-101.
  • Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 36 (2018) on Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life, UN Doc. CCPR/C/GC/36 (available here), paras 8, 23, 26, 61.
  • European Court of Human Rights, Opuz v Turkey, Application No. 33401/02, Judgment of 9 June 2009, available here.
  • Human Rights Committee, Mellet v Ireland, UN Doc. CCPR/C/116/D/2324/2013, 17 November 2016 (available here) – you can skim facts and focus on paras 7 – 9.

Recommended reading (this need not be completed before our class)

  • R. Copelon, ‘Recognizing the Egregious in the Everyday: Domestic Violence As Torture’ (1994) 25 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 291, available here.
  • R. Manjoo, ‘Violence Against Women as a Barrier to the Realisation of Human Rights and the Effective Exercise of Citizenship’ (2016) 112 Feminist Review 11, available here.
  • R. J. A. McQuigg, ‘It is Time for a UN Treaty on Violence Against Women’ (2018) 22(2) International Journal of Human Rights 305
  • M. Campbell, ‘Beyond the Courtroom: Accountability for Grave and Systemic Human Rights Abuses’ (2018) 1 University of Oxford Human Rights Hub Journal 55, available here.
  • United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture, Thematic Report: Gender Perspectives on Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment, UN Doc. A/HRC/31/57, 5 January 2016, available here.
  • United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture, Thematic Report: Relevance of the Prohibition of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to the Context of Domestic Violence, UN Doc. A/74/148, 12 July 2019, available here.
  • G. Guney / D. Davies and Po-Han Lee (eds), Towards Gender Equality in Law: An Analysis of State Failures from a Global Perspective (Palgrave Macmillan 2022), available here – see especially chapters 1, 2, 7.
  • R. Goel / L. Goodmark (eds), Comparative Perspectives on Gender Violence: Lessons From Efforts Worldwide (Oxford University Press 2015), available here.
  • Ruth Rubio-Marín, The Gender of Reparations: Unsettling Sexual Hierarchies while Redressing Human Rights Violations (Cambridge University Press 2009), especially chapters 1-4, available here.
  • Rashida Manjoo, ‘Introduction: Reflections on the Concept and Implementation of Transformative Reparations’ (2017) 21(9) The International Journal of Human Rights 1193, available here.
  • Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Velasquez Rodriguez v Honduras, Judgment of 29 July 1988 (Merits), available here.
  • Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Jessica Lenahan (Gonzales) et al v United States of America, Report No 80/11, 21 July 2011, available here.
  • African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, APDF and IHRDA v Mali, Application No. 046/2016, Judgment of 11 May 2018, available here.
  • European Court of Human Rights, Aghdgomelashvili and Japaridze v Georgia, Application No. 7224/11, Judgment of 8 October 2020, available here.  

QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION

A. What is gender-based violence? In reflecting on your answer, consider how you understand:

  1. gender;
  2. violence;
  3. the relevance of (intersections of) discrimination and disadvantage.

B. What demands does international human rights law make of States in relation to gender-based violence?

C. How can international human rights law better protect people from gender-based, or gendered, violence?

  • Lina Papadopoulou

Factsheet – Gender Identity

Factsheet – Gender equality

Factsheet – Sexual Orientation

  • Nikoletta Pikramenou

M. Dillon, Cultural Differences in the Abortion Discourse of the Catholic Church: Evidence from Four Countries (Sociology of Religion, 1996, pp. 25-36)

L. David, Human Rights as an Ideology? Obstacles and Benefits (Critical Sociology, 2020, pp. 37-50)

I. Koralewska / K. Zielińska, ‘Defending the unborn’, ‘protecting women’ and ‘preserving culture and nation’: anti-abortion discourse in the Polish right-wing press (Culture, Health & Sexuality, 2022, 24:5, pp. 673–687)

A. Graff, Angry Women: Poland’s Black Protests as ‘Populist Feminism’ in: Gabriele Dietze / Julia Roth, Right-Wing Populism and Gender, European Perspectives and Beyond, transcript Verlag, 2020, pp. 231-250)

O. Fillieule / C. Broqua, Sexual and reproductive rights movements and counter movements from an interactionist perspective (Social Movement Studies, 2020, 19:1, pp. 1-20)

  • Alina Tryfonidou

E. Wolfson / J. Tueller /A. Fromkin, The Freedom to Marry in Human Rights Law Worldwide: ending the exclusion of same-sex couples from marriage (Indiana Int’l & Comp. Law Review, 2022, 32:1, pp. 1-42)

A. Tryfonidou / R. Wintemute, Obstacles to the Free Movement of Rainbow Families in the EU (Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, PE 671.505- March2021)

K. Waaldijk, Same-Sex Partnership, International Protection (Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law, July 2021)

RAINBOW FAMILIES IN INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LAW

PRIMARY MATERIALS – FULL LIST (WITH LINKS)

EUROPEAN UNION LAW

Cases

C-249/96 Grant

C-122 & 125/99 P D and Sweden v. Council

C-267/06 Maruko

C-147/08 Römer

F-86/09 W

C-267/12 Hay

C-443/15 Parris

C-451/16 MB

C-673/16 Coman

C-490/20 V.M.A.

C-2/21 K.S.

Legislation (including legislative proposals)

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (Arts. 10 and 19)

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Directive 2000/78

Directive 2004/38

Proposal for an Equality Directive (2008)

Proposal for a Regulation on the cross-border recognition of parenthood (2022)

EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS (ECHR)

Full text of ECHR

Cases

X, Y and Z v. UK, Application no. 21830/93

Karner v. Austria, Application no. 40016/98

E.B. v. France, Application no. 43546/02

Schalk and Kopf v. Austria, Application no. 30141/04

J.M. v. UK, Application no. 37060/06

Kozak v. Poland, Application no. 13102/02

P.B. and J.S. v. Austria, Application no. 18984/02

Gas and Dubois v. France, Application no. 25951/07

X and others v. Austria, Application no. 19010/07

Vallianatos and others v. Greece, Application nos. 29381/09 & 32684/09

Hämäläinen v. Finland, Application no. 37359/09

Oliari and others v. Italy, Application nos. 18766/11 7 36030/11

Taddeucci and McCall v. Italy, Application no. 51362/09

Chapin et Charpentier v. France, Application no. 40183/07

Pajić v. Croatia, Application no. 68453/13

Orlandi and others v. Italy, Application nos. 26431/12, 26742/12, 44057/12, 60088/12

Fedotova and others v. Russia (Third Section), Application nos. 40792/10, 30538/14, 43439/14

Valdís Fjölnisdóttir and others v. Iceland, Application no. 71552/17

S.-H. v. Poland, Application nos. 56846/15 and 56849/15

Fedotova and others v. Russia (GC), Application nos. 40792/10, 30538/14, 43439/14

D.B. and others v. Switzerland, Application nos. 58817/15 and 58252/15

O.H. and G.H. v. Germany, Application nos. 53568/18 and 54741/18

A.H. and others v. Germany, Application no. 7246/20

Buhuceanu and others v. Romania, Application no. 20081/19

Maymulakhin and Markiv v. Ukraine, Application no. 75135/14

INTERNATIONAL LAW

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

The Yogyakarta principles

Human Rights Committee Joslin v. New Zealand

Human Rights Committee Young v. Australia

Human Rights Committee C. v. Australia

Human Rights Committee X v. Colombia

Human Rights Committee G v. Australia

United Nations Administrative Tribunal Adrian v. Secretary of State of the United Nations

Inter-American Court of Human Rights Advisory Opinion OC-24/17

  • Tina Stavrinaki

FRA, Unmasking bias motives in crimes: selected cases of the European Court of Human Rights (2018)

OSCE/ODIHR, Hate Crime Laws: A Practical Guide (2nd Edition, 2022)

OSCE/ODIHR, Gender-Based Hate Crime (2021)

B. McPhail, Gender-Bias Hate Crimes: A review (Trauma, Violence, & Abuse: A Review Journal 2022, 3:2, pp. 261-279)

  • Vladislava Stoyanova

Lecture on Human Trafficking

Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, Warsaw, 16.V.2005

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime

Directive 2011/36 EU of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims

Directive 2004/81EC of 29 April 2004 on the residence permit issued to third-country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with the competent authorities

V. Stoyanova, L.E. v Greece: Human Trafficking and the Scope of States’ Positive Obligations under the ECHR (3 European Human Rights Law Review, 2016, pp. 290-330)

Chowdury and Others v. Greece, ECtHR Application No. 21884/15. Judgment of 30 March 2017

and

V. Stoyanova, Irregular Migrants and the Prohibition of Slavery, Servitude, Forced Labour & Human Trafficking under Article 4 of the ECHR (EJIL:Talk!, 26 April 2017)

V. Stoyanova, Sweet Taste with Bitter Roots: Forced Labour and Chowdury and Others v Greece (1 European Human Rights Law Review, 2018, pp. 67-75)

V. Stoyanova, Human Trafficking (slides of the lecture)

Lecture on Domestic violence

V. Stoyanova, Framing Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights Law: Mediating between the Abstract and the Concrete (Human Rights Law Review, 2023, pp. 1-34)

Kurt v Austria [GC] App no 62903/15, 15 June 2021

V. Stoyanova, Domestic violence (slides of the lecture)

  • Aspasia Tsaoussi

A. Feidakis / A. Tsaoussi, Competitiveness, Gender and Ethics in Legal Negotiations: Some Empirical Evidence (International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice,  2009, 14:3, pp. 537-570)

A. Tsaoussi, Female Lawyers as Pragmatic Problem Solvers: Negotiation and Gender Roles in Greek Legal Practice (The Theory and Practice of Representative Negotiation, Toronto: Emond Montgomery Publications Wordsworth, 2008, pp. 198-210)

H. Norlén / E. Papadimitriou / L. de Dominicis / L. Dijkstra, Mapping the glass ceiling: The EU regions where women thrive and where they are held back (Working Papers 1/2021)

Gender Stereotyping and the Judiciary: A Workshop Guide (OHCHR,  New York and Geneva, 2020)

A. Tsaoussi, Using the Master’s Tools: How the Law Reshapes Gender Boundaries in the Public-Private Sphere  (2010)

A. Tsaoussi, Hidden Gender Bias in Law and Society (slides of the lecture)

  •  Andreas Ziegler

A. Ziegler, Sexual Orientation (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 240-245)

D. Otto, Gender Identity and Expression (Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights, pp. 303-311)

K. Waaldijk, Same-Sex Partnership, International Protection (Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law, July 2021)

IE SOGI, Report on Gender Identity

A. R. Ziegler / R. Bagi, A Legal History of SOGIESC

A. R. Ziegler / R. Bagi, The Role of International Organisations and Courts, as well as international NGOs